Addiction in Adults and Its Effects on Their Children Essay Example for Free

Addiction in larges and Its Effects on Their Children EssayWhen intellection about dose colony in adults, one often thinks about and wonders how and when an adult starts or becomes disposed to drugs. Studies motion sh give birth that people who have become addicted to drugs from various ca drills of society. Daily stress of everyday manners, some people argon forced to start drugs in certain situations, the process and life of a individual dealing with drug addiction during pregnancy, the use of drugs during pregnancy, and the effects of drug use during pregnancy just to name a few. See more Foot masking In China essayAccording to Authors Lawrence Robinson, Melinda Smith, M. A. , and Joanna Saisan, M. S. W. Last updated January 2012, Many first try drugs out of curiosity, to have a good time, because friends are doing it, or in an effort to improve athletic performance or ease another problem such as stress, anxiety, or depression. Drug abuse and addiction is little a bout the amount of substance consumed or the frequency, and more to do with the consequences of drug use.No matter how often or how little youre consuming, if your drug use is causing problems in your lifeat work, school, home, or in your relationshipsyou likely have a drug abuse or addiction problem. Drug addiction leads adult down the road of consequences, which such consequences could lead to pregnancy and childbirth. nearly addicts may try to clean up during pregnancy however there are plenty of people addicted to drugs so bad that it consumes their mind. Society has to take in account that there have been studies done on the effects of a parent addicted to drugs raising children.One shag find facts that have found that there are parents that are considered functioning drug addicts. Some drug addicted parents are not involved in their childrens life. Now this leads society to wonder about some of the effects that the child may experience. Some children may have serious or sev eral health issues when they are born addicted to drugs. Experts have excessively shown that some children may not have a medical issue but may experience mental and emotional issues at the same time.According to Lisa Levin, student of psychology, the University of Umea, Sweden, under guidance by Gunborg Palme, certified psychologist, certified psychotherapist, teacher and tutor in psychotherapy, The American psychologist Janet G. Woititz was one of the first who paid real attention to the situation for adult children of addicts, with her book Adult Children of Alcoholics. In this book, she elucidated various characteristics that she found in many of these adult children. Drug ddiction in adults can lead to a world of destruction for both the parents and children. Children can be removed from the home and placed in foster care.Some times these children experience terrible situations such as molestation and abuse. However, in other tidy sum where some drug addicted adults willing g ive their children up to family members to rise. At times some of these children can lead down the path of drugs as well. It is world proven that some kids born addicted to drugs have also done drugs as a teenager and adult.In cases children will in time sell drugs, work in adult clubs and entertainment, participate in prostitution, and even have children at early ages. But still one can find some of these children also can have a successful story and go down a completely different path, such as success, college, financial stability, or even religious background. The individual is the one that makes the choice on what path they will take in life. Lisa Levin also stated, Children of addicts are more likely to develop their own substance abuse and social behavior problems than other children.According to certain researchers, the risk is twice as high, while others estimate the risk to be 4-9 times higher. Personal thoughts on drug addiction in adults and the effects it has on their children would have to be so many that run through my head. I commit that children have the chose to make two options in their lives. Since dealing with family members who were and are addicted to drugs and their children have graduate from college, work a good job which pays good money, are married and have a family.I have at the same token had cousins that have also been addicted to drugs, prostitution, selling drugs, end up in jail, and have even died following the wrong path in their life. We all have to be responsible for ourselves and live life accordingly. I dont believe that all children have bad effects of drug addicted parents. I believe they can choose to live a better life and change their situation for the better. One must always find the confidence, drive, and determination to want to make their life what they desire. When being a witness to both sides of the fence, preconception is up in the air for now.

Systems installation and configuration Essay Example for Free

Systems inst onlyation and configuration EssayYou throw out is the up and down arrow attains to take to the woods up and down the drop-down menu. To give and option, spotlight the item on the drop-down menu and fight mainstay Enter. An ellipse after a menu item signifies additional options if you select that option, a dialog box allow for appear. Toolbars The commonplace Toolbar The Formatting Toolbar Toolbars provide shortcuts to menu commands. Toolbars atomic number 18 chiefly located just below the Menu bar. to begin with proceeding with the lesson, make sure the Toolbars we will use - example and Formatting- atomic number 18 available. Follow these steps 1. Point to View on the Menu bar 2. weenie the leftfield mouse button 3.Press the down arrow and key until Toolbars is highlighted 4. Press Enter 5. Standard and Formatting should cast off a checkmark next to them 6. If both standard and formatting, have a checkmark next to them, press Esc three times to clos e the menu. 7. If one or both do not have a checkmark, highlight customize 8. Press Enter 9. Point to the box next to the unchecked word and click the left mouse button. A checkmark should appear. Note you turn the checkmark on and off by clicking the left mouse button. 10. Point to close and click the left mouse button to close the dialog The Ruler The ruler is generally found below the main(prenominal) toolbars.The ruler is used to budge the format of your document quickly. To display the ruler 1. Point to View on the Menu bar. 2. Click your left mouse button. 3. The option Ruler should have a checkmark next to it. If it has a checkmark next to it, press Esc twice to close the menu. If it does not have a checkmark next to it, continue to the next step. 4. Press the down arrow key until Ruler is highlighted 5. Press the Enter key. The ruler should display below the toolbars. Creating a guidebook . BIOS Keeping your PC, secure Setting a password on your BIOS is an excellent way t o make your computer more secure.A password in Windows moreover restricts get to to Windows and chiffonier be bypassed with a little knowledge a BIOS password protects the computer from the moment it is switched on. thither are two kinds of password that you squirt set in the BIOS. The first and most important password gives permission to change options in the BIOS itself and is commonly called a Setup password. This is particularly useful if you have stopped the computer from booting from CDs or floppy disks and do not neediness anybody to change this. This would be protecting my exploiter from unauthorized usages.The other password should be typed in as soon as the computer is switched on, even before the option to get in the BIOS appears a User password. This is the first line of defence you can add to your computer and is very effective. A word of warning about getting too overconfident about these passwords, however. It is possible to reset the BIOS if you can access the inside of the computer and it does not stop individual from removing the hard disk to read on another system. If the files on your computer are secret, consider buy a case that can be locked to stop people from changing these options.Get your boots in order A very useful setting the BIOS allows you to change is how your computer boots. When it first starts, the BIOS looks for a disk containing an operating system to boot from. Usually, this is the hard disk but thither may be times when you want to boot from a floppy disk or a CD-Rom. Which drives are checked and in what order is determined by the Boot Order in the BIOS. Changing the Boot Order can make your computer more secure as it gives you more control over how it starts. Even if Windows is password-protected, it is possible for someone to start the computer with a floppy disk or a CD.Alternatively, if you want to stop someone messing around with your computer, you can do so by restricting how the computer starts and make yo ur computer look on your hard drive for an operating system first. Enter your BIOS in the usual way and enter the Advanced BIOS Features screen. You will either see a list of the devices the BIOS checks, or an option to change the boot order. To make our computer more secure we are going to change the first boot device to HDD-0, which is short for inviolable Disk Drive 0, or the first hard disk, in other words. force out down to First Boot doodad and press Enter to see a list of devices the computer can boot from, Move down to HDD-0 and press Enter again. Changing the boot order for troubleshooting is effectively the reverse of this process. You can load many very good troubleshooting tools from CD or floppy disk. If there are problems with the hard drive, you may need to make the computer look elsewhere first. This might be necessary if Windows has a fault that stops it from burden properly or if you want to boot from the Windows CD-Rom in order to reinstall it.Return to the Adv anced BIOS Features screen and change the First Boot Device to the media that you want to boot from. Unlike many other manufacturers that stick to BIOS, MSI often prefers BIOS from AMI. Well, there is nothing wrong as the new AMIBIOS versions, unlike the previous ones, offer a wide range of Setup settings and often show better performance than the BIOS versions from Award. And now lets dwell upon the Setup settings. Memory timings located on the set off page of the BIOS Setup come first. You can see that all the key timings in MSI KT4 revolutionary can be modified.Besides CAS Latency, you can change Trp, Tras and Trcd settings as well as DRAM Command Rate, Memory Interleaving and DRAM Burst Length. All the parameters can vary in usual ranges, while CAS Latency can even be set to 1. 5, although we couldnt power up MSI KT4 Ultra with such a CAS value in our test lab. As for hardware monitoring, MSI KT4 Ultra keeps shack of system and CPU temperatures, rotation speeds of two fans, processor core voltage and six other voltage values. Of course, MSI KT4 Ultra has something to offer over clocking fans.These tools are listed in a sepa come out BIOS page called Frequency/Voltage Control, and deserve a closer look. Here is a list of options an over clocker receives from MSI KT4 Ultra main board Bus frequency adjustment. You can set any frequency from 100MHz to 280MHz. Well, the top federal savings bank frequency is just an attraction. The maximum working FSB rate you can set on MSI Ultra KT4 is 233MHz. If you choose a frequency above this value, the bus will genuinely work at half the want rate. CPU multiplier adjustment. The range is from 6x to 15x. Manual adjustment of the CPU core voltage.The values available are Auto, 1. 625, 1. 650, 1. 675, 1. 700, 1. 725 and 1. 750V. Therefore, the options here are rather scarce (the continuous core voltage is usually 1. 65V). DDR DIMM slots voltage adjustment. The values available are Auto, 2. 6, 2. 7 and 2. 8V. It is als o possible to set Termination Voltage (Auto, 1. 27 and 1. 29V). Therefore, MSI KT4 Ultra has every right to boast cool means of memory voltage adjustment. AGP voltage can be set to Auto, 1. 6, 1. 7 and 1. 8V. This would be important for my user because it would let he/she know what facts and settings the BIOS have to offer.After checking all the options in practice, we can state that the entire range of FSB frequencies up to 233MHz is working, that is, the mainboard is stable at any FSB frequency up to 233MHz. Overclockers should really enjoy it and continue the AMDs initiative about raising the FSB frequency of their Athlon XP above 166MHz. But at 166MHz FSB, the memory in MSI KT4 Ultra can be clocked only synchronously due to the restrictions in the VIA KT400 chipset. Moreover, the minimum divisor of the PCI bus thats activated at the FSB rate over 166MHz is 15.So, when overclocking the FSB above 166MHz, the system may lose some of its stability because of certain problems with th e memory or expansion cards. There is one more unpleasant peculiarity I noticed when overclocking the CPU in MSI KT4 Ultra. This mainboard turned to have no means to reset CPU parameters in case of over-overclocking. So, when the mainboard doesnt start up after a change in BIOS Setup settings, the only way to reanimate the system is to use the Clear CMOS jumper. possible Components and fittings of a PC Motherboard This is the main circuit board of the computer.The motherboard contains connectors for attaching additional boards. The motherboard contains the CPU, BIOS, memory, mass storage interfaces, serial and parallel ports, expansion slots, and all the controllers required to control standard peripheral devices such as the monitor, screen, and disk drive. A motherboard. Fitting the motherboard The case has a slide-out tray, which provides a very elegant way to install the motherboard and all of its components. Cheaper cases will have a mounting case plate fixed permanently to the case. If I had that type of case, I would first lay the case on its side.Next, I screw in the spacer mounts for fixing the motherboard as seen in the photo above. There are usually more holes drilled in the mounting plate than you actually need. There are standard locations for these holes on the mounting plate, which correspond to the holes on the motherboard. How many of these are actually used depends on the board manufacturer. Fitting the Hard disk Photo of a Typical Hard disk The hard drive is secured with four screws, usually the coarse thread type, and the end of the drive with the connectors essential point towards the inside of the case.There are usually a couple rows of holes in the cage, make sure the holes you pick let the screws clear the opening at the front of the case when you put the cage back in. Normally, the second set from the cage bottom is used The Ribbon Cable Always install the bay wreath cables before replacing the drive cage in the case. As the cage is being installed back in the case, you can see that the ribbon cable is already connected to the floppy drive and has been fed through the opening prior to sliding the cage in. Note also the position of the screws securing the floppy drive to the cage, all the way forward in the slots, which is the norm.The hard drive is mounted in the second set of holes from the cage bottom. Do not forget to reinstall the screws back in the cage, even though it snaps into place. The CD drive has already been installed in the top bay of our mini-tower, though you can wait until after you restore the tensile faceplate to the case, particularly if you are not sure which set of screw holes will align the drive flush with the cover. The ribbon cable has been installed on to the motherboard with the red key wire in the ribbon towards pin one on the connector.

Causes and Symptoms of Asthma

Causes and Symptoms of AsthmaIntroductionAsthma is the most common chronic disease in Ireland. Ireland has the after part highest commonness of bronchial asthma in the world.Asthma is a serious condition. One in five sisterren in Ireland is having Asthma.About 30 per cent of age under-fives has had at least one clap of wheezing. This means lots of pargonnts have been told that their barbarian has asthma.Most often asthma is mild and easily controlled by medicines but sometimes children may have attacks that tramp be frightening and very worrying. Usually young children with wheezing episodes outgrow Asthma by school age. For p atomic number 18nts it is always trying to see their child suffers, no matter how mild the asthma may be.Symptoms of AsthmaWhat is Asthma?Asthma is a common chronic disease which inflames the airways. The airways are the small tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs. Asthma affects the airways to become over-sensitive and react to colds and flus or dust mites even family animals, these are called triggers. The lining of the airways also swells and steaming mucus is produced and this bring breathe to be difficult.Lots of children with asthma breathe naturally for weeks or months between asthma come back. When flares do appear, they usually looking for to take place without sign.Asthma symptoms for babies can be different for every child. In babys asthma, babies may have all of asthma symptoms such as adults, or only one of those symptoms. As well, poor diet, sweating, or not showing comfortable can be symptoms of infant asthma.Some of symptoms can be wheezy sounds from breathingCoughChanges in breath lengthTension in the chestSpotting asthmaDiagnose an asthma can be rugged and time- spending because every child with asthma can have very unique forms of symptoms.General symptoms of asthma- chronic dry cough and during that child do not have a high temperature.Second common symptom isasthma attacks when exposed to certain sub stances, for which the child is allergic or because of respiratory infections.Depending on the frequency and cruelness of asthma attacks in children is mild, moderate and surd.The attack begins with a cough, shortness of breath then develops (a feeling of deprivation of air).Babys breath noisy and wheezing. Often before the attack runny nose, itchy rash on the skin. Older children at such times may complain of a feeling of pressure in your chest, and the lack of air.Different types of asthmaDoctors often use the words mild, moderate and severe to describe asthma.Here is some explaining what they mean.Mild Coughs and wheezes but plays happily and feeds well gibe Waking at night, cant run around or play without cough or wheeze.Severe Too restless to sleep, unwilling to play at all, too breathless to talk or feed, lips going blue.Prevention of AsthmaFor the intercession of asthma is often enough to remove the child from the allergen. If this does not serve well, the set prescribe s anti-inflammatory treatment.Asthma occasionally can grow out after colds.Triggers of asthmaKnowing your childs triggers and how to escape them is very important.Here is a list of triggers and movements you can take to reduce their effect on your childs asthma.Avoid Colds and Viral InfectionsColds and viruses are a common trigger for children, especially during the winter months and when they return to school.Keep your childs asthma under control by giving them their medication as prescribed.Keep a written asthma management plan to monitor their symptoms and to make sure, you complete what to do when their asthma symptoms get worse.Stop the spread of colds and infections by is sure your child washes their hands.House DustHouse dust is smallest organisms that survive in warm, dismal places such as rugs, hushed toys and household chairs and coaches.Use anti-dust mite covers for childrens mattress, duvet and pillows.You wash these covers according to the manufacturers instructionsW ash all bedding at least once a week.Remove carpets where it can be possible.Vacuum rooms regularly.Clean all surfaces two to three times per weekHave soft toys to a smallest amount and hot wash them every two weeks.Household PetsA number of childrens asthma is triggered by an allergy to pets, frequently cats or dogs. fairy SmokeCigarette smoke makes asthma more worse, can cause pneumonia, bronchitisAnd infections of ears, and prevent asthma medication working effectively.Keep your child away from cigarettes smoke. throw awayMould spores can increase chances for trigger asthma. Mould can be found anywhere, for example in bathroom, kitchen, even outside in the autumn leaves. Be sure that your home has good ventilation. Take away all indoor plants as they may be source of mould growth Avoid drying vestments indoors or on radiators.Changes in WeatherSome childrens asthma can be triggered by cold season or temperature changes, Bring your child for an asthma re realise with your doctor or nurse before the weather changeChemicalsUse chemicals carefully, especially in household products such as modify products, cosmetics, paints etc. Do not using chemical products where it is possible. Do not allow your child be in areas where chemical products are apply.Asthma treatmentTreatment of this illness is divided into two groupsOne stop (cropped) attack, the other to prevent its development.In mild form of asthma are usually used drugs from the group of stabilizers of membranes of immune cells. This drug does not work at the time of attack. Under the power of drugs immune cells do not discharge stuffs that cause oaf and shrink the bronchi.In severe forms to prevent attacks physician prescribes hormones, corticosteroids (eg budesonide, fluticasone). Do not be afraid of these drugs, because they act only on the bronchial mucosa. In severe asthma the risk of side effects is much lower than the risk of the sicknessChecklist for traveling to people with asthma and recommenda tionsPeople who have asthma are needs to be prepared for a trip at least a few weeks before travel.This includesAsthma health checkAsthma triggers var. travelTravel immunisationTravel insuranceBefore you travel, review your personal asthma plan. Find how you can get help medical help at those areas where are you planning to go.ConclusionIt is important that the babys parents having asthma are not measured him seriously ill, possibly given a lot to move. When the child grows up, the attacks become rare, will follow more easily, and in many they stop altogether.Do not refuse any treatment, including, if necessary hormones. Each attack it is a huge stress for the child to be eliminated by all means.Bibliographyhttp//healthcaremall4you.com/asthma-at-children-causes-symptoms-treatment.html view on 16th of November 2016http//www.tipdisease.com/2013/10/asthma-in-children-babies-causes.html view on 17th of November 2016www.asthma.ie/sites/default/files/files/document_bank/2014/whitethorn/ Asthma%20and%20Your%20Child_final.pdf view on 16th of November 2016www.asthma.ie/sites/default/files/files/document_bank/2013/Aug/asthma_in_babies_and_children_final.pdf view on 17th of November 2016http//www.irishhealth.com/clin/documents/Children%20and%20Asthma.PDF view on 16th of November 2016http//www.hse.ie/eng/health/az/A/Asthma-children/Treating-asthma-in-children.html view on 16th of November 2016www.irishindependent.ie (issue on 31st of October 2016) view on 16th of November 2016

Focus Of Supervision Analysis Social Work Essay

Focus Of Supervision Analysis Social Work establishThe focus of this charge is to look at how our supervisiory kin is works in regards to our different study styles.Referral to Public Health Nurses (PHN) for girls in the in the Early intercession Program (EIP).Wai Ora Girls Program one client has offended and one client has absconded censure on arrange.feasibleness study Community Coordinators know said in that respect are no issues with youth crime in their area. Where to next?During this supervision my executive program is to complete my arcminute look observation perspicacity.Discussion pointsLearning Styles We began the session by reviewing our learning styles. My supervisory programy program asked me to fill out the 80 question Honey Mumford Learning Styles Questionnaire (2006) in my first week of placement.My learning style is a reflector and my supervisor has a pragmatist learning style.Reflectors like to view the situation from different perspectives. They like to collect data, review and think carefully before overture to any conclusions. They enjoy observing others and lead listen to their views before offering their own (Mumford, 1992).Pragmatists are eager to try things out. They like concepts that jackpot be utilize to their job. They tend to be impatient with lengthy discussions and are practical and down to earth (Mumford, 1992).Therefore, we discussed how we can work together in supervision from these different learning styles to make it affective. My supervisor has identified as a pragmatist learner he does not like lengthy discussions and prefers to get straight to the point when it comes to discussions around practice. Where as because I am a reflector I like to discuss my learning through different perspectives at length before I am able to come to any conclusions around my learning. This can cause difficulties within our supervisory consanguinity and we need to work together so that I am able to make the most out of our supervision sessions and the field education placement in relative to my own learning style. My supervisor identified that he needs to be flexible in the different learning approaches that are presented byOrganising a range of opportunities for practiceUsing a blend of methods and materials that will help me learnUsing a mixture of theory and practice focus in supervisionUsing learning materials that focus on the reflection of practiceFormal and informal opportunities to learnContinuing teaching and learning styles discussionEIP Program I possess identified a range of health issues presented by the girls who attend the EIP. In a previous supervision session it was discussed that I will contact the PHN to arrange health assessments for the girls that are presenting concerns.Following on from this I discussed with the volunteers of the Girls EIP which girls we believe could use a health assessment.On contacting the PHN it became apparent that we would be unable to get these gi rls health assessments as I did not have parental consent, and twain girls are already involved with the PHN.Upon contacting the parents of the girls who are not already involved they did not give permission for their children to be assessed.I discussed with my supervisor that I still has concerns for these girls but because there is no parental consent we are unable to refer them to the nurses. We decided it is up to the volunteers and I to monitor the concerns, and if they became much evident to approach the parents again.Wai Ora Girls Program one of my clients who I have been operative with has been arrested over the weekend and charged with driving with excess blood alcohol. I discussed with my supervisor the concerns I had around this charge and the events that had led to the young women driving whilst under the influence. We agreed that it would be best for me to notify her Child, Youth and Family Services (CYFS) social thespian in regards to the concerns I had as it was beyond my level of involvement.Another one of the young women I have been working with has absconded over the weekend I discussed with my supervisor what I should do next in regards to this client. My supervisor suggested that as we do not have any mandate to work with this young person and that it was not my responsibility to follow up with this young person, as her involvement with our agency is voluntary and if she does not wish to be involved that I was not to ferocity her. I will contact her CYFS social worker to let her know that if the young person returns I am happy to continue working with her.Feasibility Study during supervision I discussed the information and negative feedback I had received from the Community Coordinators in regards to the feasibility of Te Roopu O Wai Ora working in capital of New York and the East Coast Bays areas. He said to document these conversations and the next step us to speak to CYFS, Police, and the local schools.Direct Practice Observation the second direct practice observation was completed in relation to the second Learning Outcome. This assessment bought out discussion around my resiliency as I have been confronted with a range of client issues through out my placement. We focused more closely on working cross-culturally in my practice with clients and I am frequently working with young people and their families who are of a different culture from my own. At the alterative education centre where I am placed two days a week I am the only female and pakeha person there. We discussed how I can critically reflect on my issues in practice and working cross-culturally (I will discuss this further in my critical reflection).Direct practice feedback from Fieldwork EducatorMy supervisor discussed how he views my experience as an advantage for the brass that he trusts me to manage my own workload and ask for help when I need it.The information my supervisor has feedback through this supervision and direct practice will l ead me to further discussions and reflections in my critical reflection assignmentGrace has shown good levels of interviewing techniques on our observation of her at work. She has interviewed family members of our clients and shown experience beyond her years.Through supervision and on job training Grace has self-reflected on issues and questions she has been challenged with. She is not afraid to ask the hard questions.Grace is aware of her own feelings and background in working with different clients on a range of issues. She shows genuine empathy and an ability to engage with clients in a relaxed and professional manner.Working in the school setting as the only female and pakeha person, has enabled her to identify the differences in culture but also helped her to work cross-culturally with other staff and clients. Family visitation has also helped her to identify areas that need more training in.Suggested next steps for practiceNoSteps1Critically reflect on discussions in this sup ervision and the direct observation assessment in regards to working cross-culturally.2Contact CYFS in regards to the two young women in the Wai Ora Girls Club that are presenting with problems/concerns/absconding.3Attend EIP program and monitor their health issues4Contact police, CYFS and local schools in regards to Feasibility Study.What is the relationship between this supervision session and the B.Soc.Wk 2 learning objectives, generally and my contract specifically?The relationship between this supervision and the B.Soc.Work learning objectives and my contract were the discussions around my second learning outcome in relation to the second direct observation.I have exhibit the appropriate use of self in a professional social work setting by exploring in supervision my practice, cultural awareness, resiliency, and my learning style.I have demonstrated my ability to initiate and articulate my own learning in my placement by reflecting on my learning style and discussing how our s upervisory relationship is working. Also by identifying that in this supervision session that there was a significant focus on my practice cross-culturally and using it as the basis for my second critical reflection, to enable me to reflect on my cultural framework more critically.I have been in contact with other agencies and the community in relation to shared clients and the Feasibility Study.Learning MadeThe learning I made in this supervision session was in regards to my learning style and how it affects our supervisory relationship, and how we can make it effective for my learning during y field placement.I will use the learning made from the discussion around my practice this week and working cross-culturally as the basis for my critical reflection.

Geological Significance of Dolyhir and Nash Scar Limestone

Geological Significance of Dolyhir and Nash slit LimestoneThe geological significance of the Dolyhir and Nash boodle limestone (Silurian) of the cheat marchIntroduction and HistoryTher regions of Old Radnor and Presteigne (Fig. 1), found on the outskirts of Hertfordshire and Powys, are home to two small inliers containing a mammoth unit of limestones of the early Silurian age, thick and characteristic in their form. In the Nash Inlier in the north-east, an eminent ridged is formed by the limestones which was once host to the prey of Nash Scar, but is now abandoned. The Old Radnor Inlier in the southwestward however, is still a part of a large network of working quarries at Dolyhir. It was in the original half of the nineteenth hundred that these limestones were first geologically described by Sir Roderick Murchison, who visited the area of Nash Scar as part of his investigations that led to his magnum opus, the Silurian System (Murchison 1893). Sir Murchison stratified these deposits to be Wenlockian and concluded them to be equivalent to Woolhope limestone (Murchison 1854), although he first labelled them as identical in position and organic remains to the newer limestones of Wenlock Edge ((Murchison 1839, p. 313). Davis (1850) in a short paper established the link in the midst of the limestone and the underlying deposits at Nash Scar and added a faunal investigation to the study of the area. These studies laid the groundwork, but unfortunately, the Silurian of the area received little attention for almost a century except for Calloways brief commentary on the Woolhope Limestone of Old Randor during his investigative study on the underlying Precambrian. The credit of the most detailed description on the limestones and the Silurian geology in both areas still goes to Garwood and Goodyear (1919) with their geological map of the Old Radnor Inlier. Also, they introduceed a view of limestone opposite Murchisons and claimed it to be equivalent to the limes tone at Woolhope, though thermally metamorphosed. They authors were of the view that the limestone deposits were instead a representation of an algae reef.The region continues to be of interest and many works have been published based on the Silurian faunas in Nash and Dolyhir, the consequential biostratigraphic study of limestones themselves, and the overlying and underlying deposits to decipher the exact age age (Kirk 1951, Ziegler et al. 1968, Bassett 1974a, 1974b, Hurst 1975, Hurst et al. 1978, Aldridge et al. 1981), although no major study has been carried out following Garwood and Goodyear (1919). timberlandcock (1988) addressed the cushion of tectonic activity on the limestone in the Old Radnor Inlier and provided a map of the region. Moreover, other works on the topic include a brief change of the description on the individual local anestheticities (Woodcock 1993, Siveter et al. 1989, Siveter 2000), and a detailed review of the local stratigraphy (Cocks et al. 1971, 1992). It was Bassett (1977) who coined a formal stratigraphic term for the Nash Scar Limestone Formation, Dolyhir and limestones.Global and Regional Palaeogeography prior during the Wenlock times, the region of Old Radnor Presteigne was buried in a mid-outer position below the warm and shallow continental sea on the eastern border of the Welsh bathroom (Fig 2a). The Midland Platform, a topographic high, lies to the east. Although mostly submerged at this time, the platform probably covers much of present day Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire with a large sea-level island. On the south-west lay an even larger landmass, Pretannia, whose northern coastline falls in the present day region of South Wales. The north-eastern border falls in the region of the Mendip Hills, and was home to active volcanoes. The north-western part of the Welsh can connected with the Iapetus Ocean, the western side of the Welsh Basin was met by the Irsish Sea Landmass, another topographical high, while towards the north, it was open. This composition has remained unchanged for more than 100 one thousand thousand years.The present day England and Wales formed a part of the microcontinent of Eatsern Avalonia, had drifted away towards the north since Ordovician times as the Iapetus Ocean narrowed and closed REASON (see Pickering et al. 1988, Pickering Smith 1995). Towards the Wenlock times, a series of drastic changes began that over the course of a few million years altered the geography of the region beyond any resemblance to the initial structure. Firstly, the ocean was almost entirely replaced, Eastern Avalonia which had already collided with Baltica during the late Ordovician period (Cocks Fortey 1998), began colliding with Laurentia, the continent which had on the north-western side of the Ipateus, had divided the equator. Recorded as the Caledonian Orogeny in the British geological record, these movements welded together the Eastern Avalonia and Baltica to the border of La urentia. In the following Wenlock period however, the Welsh Basin maintained its marine form as well as its connections with presumably the remnants of the Iapetus Ocean in the north and Rheic Ocean that had emerged in the south. It is agreed that the Welsh Basin possessed a tropical or subtropical position in the Southern Hemisphere during this time, however, there is contradiction over its exact latitude when the Nash Scar and Dolyhir reefs began forming (estimates vary from around 20 to 40 degrees south, see e.g. Scotese McKerrow 1990, Torsvik et al. 1990).Sedimentology and FaunaCurrently, the outcrop of the Nash Scar Limestone formation can only be witnessed at the Nash Scar quarry and around Dolyhir where the workings are extensively active. Dolyhir exists of the Dolyhir fair game (Garwood Goodyear 1919) and Strinds Quarry as well as their subsidiary quarries C and D and the huge area of Yat Wood and its subsidiary quarries E, F and G (Garwood Goodyear, 1919) in the north. The older southern region and Yat Wood area are now popular as the Strinds Quarry and Dolyhir Quarry respectively (Fig. 3b).The limestone formation of the Nash Scar and Dolyhir can be described as a pure carbonate formation with over 99% of CaCO3 according to Garwood Goodyear (1919), passing crystalline, with its colour ranging between bluish-grey and white. The limestone is poorly to massively bedded. The thickness is difficult to assess accurately as a result of extensive faulting but it is agreed that it has a minimum thickness of 24m and a thickness of up to 60m at Nash Scar (Bassett 1974a). In some places at the Dolyhir and Strind quarries, the basal part of the limestone consists of a basal rudite which is up to 2m thick The rudite contains apart from the rounded quartz pebbles, angular mudstone and standstone clasts. These casts are as big as 10 cm in diameter are derived from the local Precambrian basement, mixed with in-situ colonies of the tabulate coral Favosites. In s pite of the difficulties that arise in collecting the fossils as a result of the crystalline formation and muscle of the limestone, an abundant and diverse fauna has been observed. Calcareous algae in the form of oncolites dominate the fauna (Johnson 1966). These have a diameter of up to 20cm and include Girvanella problematica, Girvanella pusilla, Rothpletzella gotlandica, and Solenopora gracilis. These porcellaneous algal structures appear in a striking contrast with the coarse and crystalline limestone. The faunal list of s returny species by Garwood and Goodyear (1919), excessively names bivalves, brachiopods, bryozoans, cephalopods, corals, crinoids, trilobites and gastropods as being present in the limestone formation. The brachiopods present (Bassett 1974a, 1974b, 1977) include Antirhynchonella linguifera, Megastrophia (Protomegastrophia) quetra, Leptaena oligistis, Streptis grayii, and species of Whitfieldella and Plectatrypa. The trilobites (Thomas 1981) include Cornuproe tus peraticus, Dudleyaspis portlockii, Planiscutellum kitharos and Radnoria syrphetodes. The conodonts which are observed to be in abundance include Dapsilodus obliquicostatus, Ozarkodina sagitta rhenana, Decoriconus fragilis and Ozarkodina excavate. An acritarch assemblage also thrives in the limestone formation although in low diversity with Micrhystridium Veryhachium, and Diexallophasis(thin-walled forms) dominating the species. The formations lower part has in spite of appearance itself, a tectonized and hence discontinuous shale horizon. The shale is abundant in crinoid detritus and consists of greenish carbonate concretions nucleated around crinoid stems and brachiopods (Garwood Goodyear 1919) which gives it its nodular form. The fauna here differs from the limestone somewhat in its detail. The species of Trilobites present in the lower part consist of Cyphoproetus depressus and species of Kosovopeltis and Scotoharpes, together with Tapinocalymene volsoriforma (Thomas 1978, Siveter 1980).In the north-east side of the Nash Scar Quarry, the hardground encrusted surface of the top of the limestone, with crinoids holdfasts is exposed.Geological Setting and StratigraphyFig. 4. summarizes the stratigraphy of the Nash Scar and Dolyhir Limestone Formation, and the deposits vertically adjacent to them. A compounding of the fine clastic Yat Wood and the dominantly sandy Strinds Formation shapes the Precambrian basement in the Old Radnor Inlier, where the formation lies uncomformably. In the Precambrian Longmyndian rocks of the Church Stretton area (Calloway 1900, Woodcock 1988, Woodcock Pauley 1989), analogues of these lithologies can be found. However, at Nash Scar, the Folly Sandstone Formation (dated from late Aeronian to early Telychian), is overlaid by the limestone disconformably (Ziegler et al. 1968). Although the base of this sandstone cannot be seen, a 30m thickness is suggested by Cocks et al. (1992). Shales of the Coalbrookdale Formation overlay the reefal limestones of both localities (Siveter et al. 1989). Normally the fulfill is faulted or concealed but at Nash Scar it can be seen above the hardground. The graptolite faunas present at the site suggest basal shales lie within the C. lundgreni Biozone, of earliest Homerian age (Hurst et al. 1978). The outcrops of the Coalbrookdale Formation with a faulted contact with limestone also gives rise to the view that some of the shales may be of the Sheinwoodian age (Bassett 1974a, Kirk 1951, see also Siveter et al. 1989, fig. 5). in a higher place the stratigraphic contact, the shales present are marked by an encrusted hardground at the top of the limestone which is perhaps derived from the crinoid debris present in the shales in abundance (Hurst et al. 1978). This also suggests that it is the original post-hardground sediment that has developed into lundgreni Biozone shales. It can therefore be concluded to some degree of effectiveness, that the Coalbrookdale Formation in the in liers has a diachronous base, and dating from the upper Sheinwoodian age. coetaneous The study of trilobites, brachiopods (Bassett 1974a) and conodonts (Aldridge Schnlaub 1989, Jeppsson et al. 1995) and the palaeontological dating of the limestones based on their study suggests that the limestones belong to the early Sheinwoodian age, occurring at the same time as Woolhope Limestone Formation, and spanning the centrifugus, murchisoni and riccartonensis graptolite biozones (Fig. 4). It has also been suggested by Hurst et al. (1978) that at Nash Scar, the hardground found at the top of the limestone might be representative of the rigidus to ellesae biozones of the upper Sheinwoodian.According to Kirk (1951), at either or both localities the base of the limestone might elaborate below the Wenlock however, this supposition is not based on any palaeontological evidence (although see Bassett 1974a, p. 759). In the uppermost Llandovery, any evidence for a depositional pause is supplied by the weak angular unconformity with the underlying Folly Sandstone Formation found at the Nash Inleir (Ziegler et al. 1968). It can thus be concluded that the limestone may have been deposited 428 to 426 million years earlier (Fig. 4).Described by both Davis (1850) and Garwood and Goodyear (1919), the limestone facies and their lateral extent is uncertain and is hampered greatly by outcrops at the Sandbanks, the region between Presteigne and Nash Scar. Within the shales, a band of non-reefal and stratified limestone, as thin as 2-3m, was exposed only a mile from the typical reef-development at Nash Scar (Garwood Goodyear 1919, p. 21).The Welsh Borderland faulting System is straddled at its easternmost element, the Church Stretton Fault Zone, by the Nash inlier and the Old Radnor inlier. The early Palaeozoic is marked by a transition between the high inland Platform and low Welsh Basin regions by this system which has a long geographical history (see Woodcock Gibbons 1988, Woo dcock 1988). The process of folding and faulting has tectonically disturbed the limestone formations at Nash Scar and Dolyhir as a result of the closeness of this major line of structural weakness. Towards the north and north-east, major faults dissect the Old Radnor Inlier, while towards the west-north-west, it dips steeply and is marked by many minor faults. A sinistral strike-slip movement marked the structures in post-Wenlock times. The action is most seemingly related to the late Early to early Mid-Devonian Acadian event (Woodcock 1988), the most indispensable phase in the buildup of the Avalonia with the Laurentian continent during the Caledonian Orogeny.

Macbeth Tragedy :: essays research papers

Shakespeare may have written Macbeth two hundred years ago with a fine tipped feather pen to strain a living. However, his intentions have been drastically blown out of the realm of classic drama. Critics come up with new wonders all the time questioning the true calamity of Shakespeares Macbeth. Was it a Tragedy or not? Whos to answer the question except Shakespeare himself who due to the human life expectancy of eighty years cannot clarify it. We can only base our opinion on the bang-up Aristotles definition of Tragedy. He basically said that you must feel sympathize with for the hero to make his death tragic in this context of Tragedy. I can completely understand where about people could see Macbeth as a tragedy and argue the exact opposite of me. Macbeth started out as a pretty nice guy and seemed to have everyone on his side. He had a great wife who loved him very much and a beautiful home, what more could a guy ask for. He was brave, strong and handsome. He was also off set of the one of strongest nations in that part of the world at that time. His taunting ambition and gullibility had a terrible effect on his action. His loving wife, whom he believe and cared for very much had something to do with the murder of too. His wife had a heavy hand on his thoughts and could manipulate him with ungodly ease. She tested Macbeths manhood and determination by questioning his integrity, and as all men know that is almost impossible to negate. Then there was the witches, whose ability to fool with the minds of men almost shooted the king themselves. Macbeth was fleeceable and those witches took advantage of that weakness quite well. They told him exactly what was needed to drive him right into action. The combination of the witches, Lady Macbeth and his blinding ambition was obviously enough to make him kill not only his majesty but also his friend. Those are all good points and like I said I understand why some people could feel bad for him and call the pl ay a tragedy.Well I dont. How could I feel bad for someone who completely visit his fate? I could care less how gullible or ambitious he was and quite frankly I think his death was a relief. At least since he died he couldnt commit any more bloodshed or crush any more peoples lives.

A Convention Of Society :: essays research papers

A Convention of societyEverything we do is to please someone else. And that someone else can be all of society. Society is based on conventions. Most of society conforms to them, otherwise they may appear to be outside of the society that they live in, they may also appear to be eccentric or dangerous to the norm of their society. These conventions atomic number 18 general agreements on social behaviour they have a reinforced force within society. This is stated by Frye in his speech The educated imagination he expresses that, Theres clearly a strong force making toward conformity in society, so strong that it seems to have something to do with the stability of society itself. (35) We conform to please others this is what creates stability within society. However if people dont conform to the norm they are often cast out of it, unless they conform to different socially acceptable conventions, such as becoming a nun. Make-up is one of the strongest conventions of this society.The western orbit view, as a whole society has the convention that beauty is young go toing, enhanced features on a person, therefore without it you must try to achieve it, this is through with(p) mostly by wearing make-up. This society believes that the skin must be smooth looking and the eyes must be framed in run to stand out. Man y people have conformed to this, and to state that there are degrees of conformity may or may not be fair. adept can not partially conform. Many things are not black and white but conformity may not be, it does not have a grey area. You conform like the others or you dont. There may not be a grey area but there may be a fence, when youre not sure what you think or feel. There is a transition stage when people have to explore both sides of the convention, yet not everyone enters this stage. According to the statement saying that people do everything to please everyone else to wear make-up is to give a visually positive look to yourself so others will be pleased with your appearance. By doing this one is more likely to attract the opposite sex. This is true especially with women in this society.